【非谓语动词的用法总结】在英语学习中，非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点。它包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（doing/done）。这些形式虽然不充当句子的谓语动词，但在句中可以承担多种语法功能，如作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。掌握它们的用法对于提高英语表达能力和写作水平至关重要。
以下是对非谓语动词的用法进行系统的总结，并结合表格形式，帮助读者更清晰地理解和记忆。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
| 动词形式 | 基本结构 | 说明 |
| 不定式 | to + 动词原形 | 表示动作的未完成或将来 |
| 动名词 | 动词+ing | 表示动作本身，常作主语或宾语 |
| 现在分词 | 动词+ing | 表示正在进行的动作，作定语、状语、补语等 |
| 过去分词 | 动词+ed（规则动词）/不规则变化 | 表示被动或完成的状态 |
二、非谓语动词的主要用法
1. 不定式（to do）
- 作主语：To learn English is important.
- 作宾语：I want to go home.
- 作表语：My job is to teach.
- 作定语：I have a book to read.
- 作状语：He came to see me.
- 作补语：I asked him to leave.
2. 动名词（doing）
- 作主语：Swimming is good for health.
- 作宾语：I enjoy reading.
- 作表语：His hobby is painting.
- 作定语：The meeting is about the project.
- 作介词宾语：She is interested in learning.
3. 现在分词（doing）
- 作定语：The girl sitting there is my sister.
- 作状语：Seeing the teacher, he stood up.
- 作补语：I saw her running in the park.
- 作主语补足语：They found the door open.
4. 过去分词（done）
- 作定语：The book written by him is popular.
- 作状语：Given more time, we could finish it.
- 作补语：I had my hair cut yesterday.
- 作主语补足语：The window was broken.
三、常见搭配与固定用法
| 非谓语形式 | 常见搭配 | 举例 |
| to do | want to do, decide to do | I want to eat. |
| doing | enjoy doing, suggest doing | She enjoys swimming. |
| doing | be busy doing, spend time doing | He is busy working. |
| done | have something done, get something done | I had my car repaired. |
| doing | with + 宾语 + doing | With the problem solved, we can proceed. |
四、非谓语动词的时态与语态
| 形式 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 | 说明 |
| 不定式 | to do | to be done | 表示将来或未完成动作 |
| 动名词 | doing | being done | 表示动作本身 |
| 现在分词 | doing | being done | 表示正在进行的动作 |
| 过去分词 | done | been done | 表示被动或完成状态 |
五、总结对比表
| 类型 | 结构 | 功能 | 常见用法 | 例句 |
| 不定式 | to do | 主语、宾语、表语 | 意愿、目的、原因 | I want to go. |
| 动名词 | doing | 主语、宾语 | 表示动作本身 | Swimming is fun. |
| 现在分词 | doing | 定语、状语、补语 | 表示主动、进行 | The man standing there. |
| 过去分词 | done | 定语、补语 | 表示被动、完成 | The letter written by him. |
通过以上内容的总结，可以看出非谓语动词在英语中的广泛应用和灵活变化。理解它们的结构和用法，有助于我们在写作和口语中更准确、自然地表达思想。建议多做练习题，结合实际语境加以巩固。
