【非谓语动词的用法总结】在英语学习中,非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点。它主要包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。这些形式虽然不作谓语,但在句子中可以充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语等。掌握它们的用法有助于提高语言表达的准确性和多样性。
以下是对非谓语动词常见用法的总结:
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
| 动词形式 | 基本结构 | 说明 |
| 不定式 | to + 动词原形 | 表示目的、意图、将来动作等 |
| 动名词 | 动词 + ing | 表示动作本身或作为名词使用 |
| 现在分词 | 动词 + ing | 表示进行时或主动意义 |
| 过去分词 | 动词 + ed / 不规则变化 | 表示被动或完成意义 |
二、非谓语动词的常见用法
1. 不定式(to do)
- 作主语
To learn English is important.
学习英语很重要。
- 作宾语
I want to go home.
我想回家。
- 作表语
My job is to teach students.
我的工作是教学生。
- 作定语
The book to read is on the table.
那本要读的书在桌子上。
- 作状语(表示目的、原因等)
He went to the hospital to see his friend.
他去医院看望朋友。
- 作补语
I asked him to help me.
我请他帮我。
2. 动名词(doing)
- 作主语
Swimming is good for health.
游泳对健康有益。
- 作宾语
I enjoy reading books.
我喜欢读书。
- 作表语
Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是绘画。
- 作介词宾语
She is interested in learning Chinese.
她对中国文化感兴趣。
- 作定语
The sleeping car is very comfortable.
卧铺车厢很舒服。
3. 现在分词(doing)
- 作定语
The girl running in the park is my sister.
在公园跑步的女孩是我的妹妹。
- 作状语(表示伴随、原因、时间等)
Seeing the accident, he called the police.
看到事故后,他拨打了报警电话。
- 作宾语补足语
I saw him running in the street.
我看到他在街上跑。
- 构成进行时态
They are talking now.
他们现在正在说话。
4. 过去分词(done)
- 作定语
The broken window needs repair.
破碎的窗户需要修理。
- 作状语(表示被动或完成)
Given more time, we could finish it.
如果有更多时间,我们就能完成。
- 作宾语补足语
I had my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天理了发。
- 构成完成时态
She has finished her homework.
她已经完成了作业。
三、常见搭配与固定用法
| 结构 | 例句 |
| like doing | I like swimming. |
| stop doing | She stopped smoking. |
| forget doing | I forgot closing the door. |
| remember doing | Remember locking the door. |
| enjoy doing | Do you enjoy working? |
| be used to doing | He is used to getting up early. |
| have something done | I had my car repaired. |
| with + 宾语 + 分词 | With the work done, we left. |
四、总结表格
| 非谓语动词类型 | 形式 | 主要功能 | 典型例子 |
| 不定式 | to do | 主语、宾语、目的、表语、定语、补语 | I want to study. |
| 动名词 | doing | 主语、宾语、表语、定语、介词宾语 | Reading is fun. |
| 现在分词 | doing | 定语、状语、宾语补足语、进行时 | The man running is my teacher. |
| 过去分词 | done | 定语、状语、宾语补足语、完成时 | The letter written by her is interesting. |
通过以上总结,可以看出非谓语动词在英语中的灵活运用。掌握它们的用法不仅有助于写作和口语表达,还能提升整体的语言理解能力。建议多做练习,结合实际语境来加深理解和记忆。


